The evolution of the horse is probably the most famous support of the gradual change of species over time. It is found in textbooks and science museums around the world.
O. C. Marsh worked out the lineage of the horse in the late 1800s.i It is a chain of creatures from small to large. These creatures, however, all lived at the same time, and there is no evidence linking them together. Variation in size is not an indicator of evolution. Even today there are large variations in the size of horses, but the largest to the smallest all belong to the same species.
The smaller animals in the lineage such as the Eohippus had more toes than the modern horse, or Equus. As well, the species in the lineage vary in the number of ribs they have, from 15 to 19, and the number of lumbar vertebrae they have, from six to eight. These variations would have required genetic reversals. This contradicts the theory of evolution, which states that evolution cannot be reversed.
Marsh’s lineage of the horse is purely speculation, and paleontologists are coming to realize that. In fact, most scientists have completely disowned the diagram of the evolution of the horse. George G. Simpson, a leading evolutionist in the mid 1900s, did not accept Marsh’s lineage. He said, “The most famous of all equid trends, ‘gradual reduction of the side toes,’ is flatly fictitious.”ii
Despite the "fictitious" nature of these claims, we still see them in every school textbook. If scientists have discredited Marsh’s diagram and theory, why are we still teaching it as fact in our schools?
Read about the Cambrian Explosion and evolutionary lawns. Updated June 2009.
i. O. C. Marsh, American Journal of Science (1879).
ii. George Gaylord Simpson, The major features of evolution (New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1953): 263.
Read several authors' thoughts on papal Rome's history.
This article highlights quotes from historical and Catholic sources proving the Papacy's aggressive nature.
Persecution in the First Centuries
An Era of Spiritual Darkness The Waldenses
John Wycliffe Huss and Jerome
Luther's Separation From Rome
Luther Before the Diet The Swiss Reformer
Progress of Reform in Germany
Protest of the Princes The French Reformation
The Netherlands and Scandinavia
Later English Reformers
The Bible and the French Revolution
The Pilgrim Fathers Heralds of the Morning
An American Reformer Light Through Darkness
A Great Religious Awakening A Warning Rejected
Prophecies Fulfilled What is the Sanctuary?
In the Holy of Holies God's Law Immutable
A Work of Reform Modern Revivals
Facing Life's Record The Origin of Evil
Enmity Between Man and Satan
Agency of Evil Spirits Snares of Satan
The First Great Deception
Can Our Dead Speak to Us?
Liberty of Conscience Threatened
The Impending Conflict
The Scriptures a Safeguard The Final Warning
The Time of Trouble God's People Delivered
Desolation of the Earth The Controversy Ended
Revelation 1 Commentary
Is Revelation a Sealed Book?
Revelation 1: Jesus, The Heart of Revelation
Revelation 2 Commentary
Revelation 2-3: Letters to Seven Churches
Revelation 3 Commentary
The Lamb and the Sealed Book
Revelation 4 Commentary
Revelation 5 Commentary
Revelation 6 Commentary
Revelation 7 Commentary
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