For most character traits present in organisms, more than one allele exists. The different genes must have come about by chance alone, because we are dealing with genotype. The genotype of an organism includes both latent and patent genes. Only genes that have been activated are expressed in the phenotype. A new gene must first be expressed before natural selection comes into play.
As far as alleles are concerned, expression is governed by a complex system of dominance versus recessiveness. Furthermore, the frequency of genetic expression can also alter the phenotype. For example, the gene coding for growth hormone can influence the size of the organism. Variation in size does thus not necessarily require new genes, just differential expression of the same genes. An example of built-in variation in the gene pool can be seen in the differences between breeds of dogs. As to how the genes responsible for the variation came in to existence, chance or design are the only options given, since we are dealing with genotype.
By selecting from the built-in natural variation of the gene pool, various breeds of dogs and domestic cattle were produced. Great changes in physiology and morphology are involved, and evolution is here certainly excluded. Differences in dogs are greater than the differences in genera of the Canidae family.i
From a creationist perspective, the vast initial gene pool makes possible a vast range of adaptive morphologies and physiologies. This general gene pool is called "kind" in the Bible. Adaptive radiation as observed by evolutionists is thus nothing other than the end product of sorting the gene pool by outside factors, such as differences in climate and habitat. Gene patterns suited to the environment are selected and change is rapid.
Genetic expression is also influenced, so as to bring about differences in structural expression by the genes in terms of size. Differential hormonal modulation in response to environmental stimuli can alter the time and magnitude of response, effectively producing reproductively isolated communities which would be regarded as different species by evolutionists, but are in effect merely extremes of genetic expression within an existing gene pool. The vast numbers of latent genes would then be accounted for.
Evolutionists recognize that changes in genotype frequencies do occur to produce changes in gene distribution. They, however, explain most changes as resulting from chance mutations, and this is not tenable.
Even evolutionists admit that preadaptation must have played a major role in enabling organisms to survive environmental changes. Preadaptation, however, requires preexisting genes capable of responding to environmental stimuli—precisely what creationists claim. Where did these fully expressional genes come from? Once again, chance or design are the only options.
Read about the next mechanism, reproductive exchange
i. R. K. Wayne, "Cranial morphology of domestic and wild canids: the influence of development on morphological change," Evolution 40 (1986): 243-261.
Creation and Evolution: Is Compromise Possible?
How Can We See Stars That Are Billions Of Light Years Away?
Understanding the Creation Week
Geocentricity: It's Time to Face the Facts
The Rise of Evolutionary Thinking
Earth's History: Conflicting Paradigms
Lamarck Proposes Natural Selection
Age Of The Earth Is Carbon-Dating Accurate?
Flood Chronology
Read several authors' thoughts on papal Rome's history.
This article highlights quotes from historical and Catholic sources proving the Papacy's aggressive nature.
Persecution in the First Centuries
An Era of Spiritual Darkness The Waldenses
John Wycliffe Huss and Jerome
Luther's Separation From Rome
Luther Before the Diet The Swiss Reformer
Progress of Reform in Germany
Protest of the Princes The French Reformation
The Netherlands and Scandinavia
Later English Reformers
The Bible and the French Revolution
The Pilgrim Fathers Heralds of the Morning
An American Reformer Light Through Darkness
A Great Religious Awakening A Warning Rejected
Prophecies Fulfilled What is the Sanctuary?
In the Holy of Holies God's Law Immutable
A Work of Reform Modern Revivals
Facing Life's Record The Origin of Evil
Enmity Between Man and Satan
Agency of Evil Spirits Snares of Satan
The First Great Deception
Can Our Dead Speak to Us?
Liberty of Conscience Threatened
The Impending Conflict
The Scriptures a Safeguard The Final Warning
The Time of Trouble God's People Delivered
Desolation of the Earth The Controversy Ended
Is Revelation a Sealed Book?
Revelation 1 Commentary: The Revelation of Jesus
Revelation 1: Jesus, The Heart of Revelation
Revelation 2 Commentary: Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamos, Thyatira
Revelation 2-3: Letters to Seven Churches
Revelation 3 Commentary: Sardis, Philadelphia, Laodicea
The Lamb and the Sealed Book
Revelation 4 Commentary: The Throne in Heaven
Revelation 5 Commentary: The Scroll and the Lamb
Revelation 6 Commentary: The Vision of Seven Seals
Revelation 7 Commentary: The 144,000
Revelation 8 Commentary: Seven Trumpets
Revelation 9 Commentary: The Bottomless Pit
Revelation 10 Commentary: A Little Book
Revelation 11 Commentary: Two Witnesses
Revelation 12 Commentary: The Woman and the Dragon
Revelation 13 Commentary: Two Beasts
Revelation 14 Commentary: Three Angels' Messages
Revelation 15 Commentary: Seven Angels, Seven Plagues
Revelation 16 Commentary: Seven Bowls of God's Anger
Revelation 17 Commentary: A Woman Rides the Beast
Revelation 18 Commentary: Babylon Falls
Revelation 19 Commentary: The Rider on the White Horse
Revelation 20 Commentary: Millennium and the Judgment
Revelation 21 Commentary: The New Jerusalem
Revelation 22 Commentary: Invitation and Warning